Can you get in trouble for almost hitting a cyclist ?

Yep.  Here is the thing.  A cycle is a road vehicle.  As such, we have certain rights and responsibilities.  But we are also vulnerable.  So a close pass may result in 3 points and a fine (12 points gets your license revoked for a year)  A lot depends upon the intent though.  

One motorists who was shown on rear facing camera to be accelerating up to the back of a cycle, slamming the brakes before hitting the bike, pulling back and then repeating in an attempt to intimidate and bully the cyclist.  6 points and a hefty fine for that one.

I have had people accelerate up to me as I am just passing a junction and then turn left, cutting across my path and forcing me to hit the brakes.  Another time I was riding along and a motorist on the other side of the road pulled out of a junction and forced me into the curb.  Another time a motorists at a junction pulled out in front of me, forcing me to slam on the anchors.

All of these incidents did not result in a hit from the car, but would still, if I had pursued them, have resulted in a criminal conviction.  Its all about being a responsible road user.  The highway code is the document that you were tested against when you gained your license and every time anything happens, it is the document that you are continually judged against.    

So ask yourself this.  If you were sitting your test again, with the examiner sitting next to you and you had done one of the things mentioned above, would you have passed?

In the U.K. you can get 3pts and a fine for passing within 1.5 metres, even if they are wobbling all over the places. ;1

Why take chances?  Learn how to drive responsibly.  Or, is that too difficult?

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Sigh...roll eyes... 🙄  Laws governing how much distance is required when passing a cyclist vary by State. Most states now have a law that requires “at least three feet” of clearance when passing a cyclist. Some states only require “a safe distance” while others get more specific. Pennsylvania for example requires “at least four feet”.  https://3feetplease.org/cyclists-have-rights

Many cyclist now carry or incorporate a "Go Pro" camera front & rear.  This gives them video proof you broke the law.  Many police departments are now setting up sting operations with one cop on a bicycle & another right down the street waiting to pull you over.  https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/local-las-vega...

Missouri Drivers Guide on page 31 states, "When you are passing, give bicycles and mopeds a full lane width. Do not squeeze past these road users. The bicycle is generally a slow moving vehicle and this may require you to slow down. Wait for a clear stretch of road before passing a cyclist in a lane too narrow to share." https://dor.mo.gov/forms/Driver%20Guide.pdf  

Yes...you can get a ticket - or worse.  TURN OFF the damn cell phone.  Wake up.  Pay attention & DRIVE.  Dumb@ss.    

You only get ten points if you actually run over one of the rats. 

Lots of variables are possible. If no one got hurt, there was no property damages, no witnesses or video chances are you won't get into trouble. Without knowing the circumstances you may not have even been at fault. If you feel you were at fault let it be a lesson learned to be more conscious of what you're doing.

If in a officer's judgment you are reckless driving, drunk driving etc. you sure can.