What buildings can’t legally be a place of residence? Why?

Building and occupancy codes are state, county and city codes. So, specifics will vary by location.

In general, a building can not be used as a residence unless it is in an area zoned for residential use and an occupancy permit for residential use has been issued.

Where I have lived these permits are issued as part of the building permit process as the inspections are signed off.

Most areas do not allow residence in commercial buildings even if they have proper sanitation facilities.

Again, you will need to check your state, county and local codes for specifics where you live.

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Whenit,s damp and broken,when that is found first by an old person!Or when it takes several workers and time to be mend again.

Only buildings zoned for residency (single-family or multi-family) with occupational license/certificate can be used as a residence. No office, commercial, industrial, etc. zoning or otherwise lacking certificate of occupancy.

Any building that isn't authorised for residency. Offices, shops, warehouses, schools etc etc etc.

Buildings that don't have windows or hot and cold running water or a toilet.