What two types of DNA are found in eukaryotic genes encoding proteins?

The DNA that constitutes a gene is a double-stranded molecule consisting of two chains running in opposite directions. The chemical nature of the bases in double-stranded DNA creates a slight twisting force that gives DNA its characteristic gently coiled structure, known as the double helix. The two strands are connected to each other by chemical pairing of each base on one strand to a specific partner on the other strand. Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Thus, A-T and G-C base pairs are said to be complementary. This complementary base pairing is what makes DNA a suitable molecule for carrying our genetic information—one strand of DNA can act as a template to direct the synthesis of a complementary strand. In this way, the information in a DNA sequence is readily copied and passed on to the next generation of cells.[2]

Two nucleotides that are paired together are called a base pair. Each of the nucleotides that are paired are attached together through hydrogen bonds. When the adenine and thymine are paired two hydrogen bonds are formed. When a cysteine and guanine are paired three hydrogen bonds are then formed. The reason a DNA molecule would be more strong would be because the content and the length of the DNA molecule affects it.

In some cases the DNA molecule is not a double helix it may appear as a non helical or single stranded form of DNA. This form of DNA is found in some viruses. A virus that contains a single stranded form of DNA would mutate frequently that it would at any other time, when it was in a double helix form. The species of virus that contain one stranded DNAs adapt faster so that they avoid becoming extinct. Viruses are the only organism that carry single stranded DNA. [3]

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What two types of DNA are found in eukaryotic genes encoding proteins?

Two Types Of Dna

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hope this isn't too wordy for you. Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diˌɒksiˌraɪbɵ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɨk ˈæsɪd/  ( listen)), or DNA, is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms with the exception of some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints, like a recipe or a code, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process called transcription. Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.[1] In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.

According to the abstract of this review from 2000 -http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10946... it s not a splice variant, but rather a degraded from of Ligase III. I can t check the references because the article is behind a paywall, but I did have a nose around the databases I know (Ensembl, UniProt) and DNA Ligase II isn t listed on any of them, and is not even listed as a splice variant for Ligase III. It s a fair assumption that DNA ligase II just doesn t exist any more.

This happens sometimes, because of the imprecise scattergun approach to identifying genes and proteins in the early and pre-genomic era; we identify things as proteins, and then find out they don t really exist. If they re part of a family that has numerical names (e.g. Ligase I, Ligase II, Ligase III) then that sometimes leaves a hole. In my own work on the Notch signalling pathway in mice, there are three homologues of the Delta ligand, caled delta-like ligand (Dll)-1, Dll3 and Dll-4. Dll-2 was identified by mistake, and turned out not to be real. Obviously, you can t change the list, since we ve already got lots of information out there about what Dll-3 and Dll-4 are, so we just leave a hole.

Unfortunately, since when this happens, the literature on the genes just sort of stops, although it s usually common knowledge among researchers who work on the topic. So unless you know someone in the field who can tell you about it, it can be infuriatingly difficult to WORK OUT what happened. Frankly, I was lucky to hit on mention of this in the review abstract (it surprises me that they bothered to bring it up there).

Also, remember to specify your species when you re looking into this. There are often differences in copy number of gene families between species (chickens only have two delta-like ligands, for example) and sometimes the nomenclature develops in parallel. Interpreting the literature on issues like this is a major HEADACHE, but hey, that s science for you

DNA, or deoxyribose nucleic acid, is the genetic material for all cells. It is found in the nucleus of the cell and is shaped in a double helix. The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides.

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